Biochemical and Biological Engineering at NCL encompasses a range of basic and applied research activities from stochastic modelling of individual intracellular reactions to development of industrial fermentation processes. Some of the representative research activities are experimental and computational studies on downstream processing of fermentation products, microbial strain and fermentation process development, algal and mammalian cell culture process development, intracellular metabolism and high-throughput measurement; theoretical/computational studies of genome-wide protein-DNA interactions and their implications, metabolic and signal transduction pathway dynamics, pattern formation, drug distribution, pharmacodynamics, and disease spread kinetics; and data-based analyses using high-throughput and protein structure/interaction data.