A new frontier of science is emerging that unites biology and chemistry-the exploration of natural products from previously not cultured soil microorganisms. The excitement surrounding this new field lies in the vast diversity of unknown soil microflora and the chemical richness that they are thought to contain. We believe that development of biotechnologies and their industrial applications depends on screening and selection, molecular traits, metabolic investigation and regulation, analytical chemistry, physiology and biochemistry, process optimization, fermentation, extraction techniques, biomass and bio-products, cultivation technology, formulation and applications. Our research mainly emphasizes the crucial role that microorganisms are currently playing and are likely to continue to play in future as microbial cell factories for the production of bio-based ingredients for the biotechnological or biomanufacturing use.